There are two major kinds of 2D graphics. One is bitmap, and the other is Vector.
Bitmap images are composed of tiny squares of color, called pixels, arranged in a grid. When many are viewed together, they form an image. Bitmap images are resolution dependent. This makes it difficult to adjust their size without affecting image quality. They are also restricted to a rectangular shape.
Vector images are less common than bitmap images, but are better in many ways. They are made up of many individual, scalable objects. They are defined by mathematical equations, not pixels. For this reason, they will always render at the highest quality. They are not restricted to rectangular shapes, and do not require a background. They are unsuitable for photo-realistic imagery, and often look cartoonish.
Image from: http://www.logoants.com/img/vector-bitmap.gif
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